Independent advisory

Renewable energy for the hard-to-abate sectors

Carbon Economics provides independent advisory on industrial decarbonisation, renewable heat, and sustainable fuels.

Twenty years of experience in translating complex techno-economic analysis into practical investment and policy recommendations.

Dr Ilkka Hannula — formerly Senior Energy Analyst, International Energy Agency.

01

Industrial decarbonisation

System-level pathways to cut emissions from energy-intensive industry — abatement options, their cost-competitiveness against incumbents, and the route to bankable investment.

02

Heat electrification

Electrifying industrial and district heat — the economics of switching off fossil fuels for heat, and the role of thermal storage in buffering the variability of solar and wind.

03

Sustainable fuels

A 360° system view across liquid biofuels, biogases, hydrogen and e-fuels — priorities for different end-use sectors, and clarifying what makes a fuel sustainable.

Selected work

All work →
Green Heating and Energy Transition
Helsinki's district heating transition and its lessons for KazakhstanAuthor
ADB · 2026
Renewable Energy Finland 2055 Roadmap
Three future pathways for renewable energy by 2055Co-author and lead energy expert
Luke · 2026
Renewables for Industry
Electrification of low-temperature heat and steamLead author
IEA · 2025
Delivering Sustainable Fuels
Pathways to 2035Lead author
IEA · 2025
Managing Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Renewables
Prepared in support of Japan's G7 PresidencyLead author
IEA · 2023